Friday, November 26, 2010

A unique manuscript shows how 13th century Jewish children begin studying Torah in Ashkenaz.

This is Seder Ha-limmud BSB Cod.hebr. 153(11) (link), a beautiful 13th century document which - I surmise - was used in a child's first Torah session. Presumably the father or rabbi would recite the letters and verses and the child would repeat.

The words on the left side are the verses תורה צוה לנו, Moses commanded us a law, an inheritance of the congregation of Jacob (link), and ויקרא אל משה, And the LORD called unto Moses, and spoke unto him out of the tent of meeting, saying . . . (link). In between are two Kabbalistic versions of the אלפא ביתא. The first, Tashrak Tzaphas is the Aleph Bet backward grouped into "words," Ayak Bechar, which involves arranging all 27 letters (including the five finals) in a table three by nine. Then read horizontally, you get איק בכר, etc. Finally, there is an excerpt from a larger medieval teaching mnemonic like "The Quick Brown Fox," הקץ עצל דיך מנום גרש כזב פן תוסף חטא.



And with this a boy would begin to learn Torah (but no haircut).

Unfortunately I could find out nothing about this manuscript, except that I think it belonged to Johann Reuchlin's collection. It's in the Munich Bayerische StaatsBibliothek, the same library with the famous and unique Talmud manuscript (link).

Speaking of Reuchlin, while it's well known that he learned Hebrew grammar from Rabbi Ya'akov ben Yechiel Loans (Jacobus Jehiel Loans Hebræus as he refers to him) and Rabbi Ovadya Sforno (link), less well known is that he was initially taught the Aleph Bet and how to read Hebrew from a melammed named Kalman (Calman Judæus, Elementarius præceptor) and, no, I did not just make this up.

(A Hat-tip will be given if I get permission.) A Hat-tip to Amit Gvaryahu who linked to this ms. on his Facebook account. Nice find, Amit!